In 1991, the "National Space Program Preparatory Office" , under the Executive Yuan, was established for the purpose of implementing the national satellite program, establishing space infrastructure, and training space manpower. In 2003, the "National Space Program Preparatory Office" was merged with other national laboratories under the umbrella of the National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), and renamed "National Space Program Office". Two years later (2005), it was renamed "National Space Organization " again.

The Space Development Law, Taiwan’s first national space law, was passed by the Legislative Yuan on May 31, 2021 and officially implemented on January 20, 2022. In the meantime, the government also initiated the legislative work on the establishment of an administrative corporation for National Space Organization. On April 19, 2022, the "Act for the Establishment of the Taiwan Space Agency" was passed by the Legislative Yuan for the third reading, and came into effect on January 1, 2023. It was originally affiliated to the National Space Organization of the National Applied Research Laboratories and now was officially restructured into the Taiwan Space Agency of the administrative corporation. The agency has become a newly established legal entity under the National Science and Technology Council. After the restructuring, the English name is changed from National Space Organization (abbreviated as NSPO) to Taiwan Space Agency (abbreviated as TASA) for improving the readability of the abbreviation, adding the name "Taiwan" to enhance the international recognition.

Taiwan Space Agency, which has been legalized as an administrative corporation, will focus on enhancing the Taiwan space technology research and development capabilities, implementing the national space policies and plans, and promoting Taiwan space activities and the development of the space industry.